Autonomously Distributed Control of EV Parking Lot Management for Optimal Grid Integration

This paper proposes an autonomous distributed control design for coordinating the charging process of parking lots for electric vehicles (EVs). The focus of this paper is to investigate the performance of the modeled architecture. The model simulates for 24 hours an office parking lot scenario with real input data from 16 EVs. The primary objective is to quantify the fulfillment of the demand and the guaranteed amount of energy for each user. The secondary objective is to analyze the effects of restricting the power capacity of the parking lot from 88 kW to 43 kW. In the constrained charging scenario, the system guarantees a minimum energy of 12.2 kWh (roughly 61 km) to each car connected for at least 5 hours and 54 minutes. In the unconstrained charging scenario 12 EVs reach maximum state-of-charge (SOC), while 11 EVs reach it in the constrained one. Demand fulfillment is only marginally different between the two scenarios because the final SOC values of the EVs are nearly the same. On the other hand, constraining connection capacity reduces significantly the idle state of six chargers.