TY - JOUR
T1 - Applications of Fertilizer Cations Affect Cadmium and Zinc Concentrations in Soil Solutions and Uptake by Plants
AU - Lorenz, S. E.
AU - Hamon, R. E.
AU - McGrath, S. P.
AU - Holm, Peter Engelund
AU - Christensen, Thomas Højlund
PY - 1994
Y1 - 1994
N2 - A pot experiment was conducted to study changes over time of Cd and Zn in soil solution and in
plants. Radish was grown in a soil which had been contaminated with heavy metals prior to 1961.
Constant amounts of a fertilizer solution (NH4N03, KN03) were added daily. Soil solution was
obtained at intervals by displacement with water.
The cumulative additions of small amounts of fertilizers were made equal to the plants'
requirements at the final harvest but were found to exceed them during most of the experiment.
Excess fertilizers caused substantial increases of major (K, Ca, Mg) and heavy-metal (Cd, Zn) ions
in soil solutions and a decrease in soil pH, probably due to ion-exchange mechanisms and the
dissolution of carbonates.
Uptake of Cd and Zn into leaves was correlated with the mass flow of Cd (adjusted r2 = 0.798)
and Zn (adjusted r2=0.859). Uptake of K, Ca and Mg by the plants was independent of their
concentrations in solution.
It is concluded that, in order to study effects of plants on heavy-metal availability and obtain soil
solution that has not been altered by fertilizer ions, nutrients must be added according to the needs
and growth of the plants. This could be achieved by linking fertilizer additions to the rate of
transpiration, as nutrient uptake and transpiration were closely correlated in this experiment
AB - A pot experiment was conducted to study changes over time of Cd and Zn in soil solution and in
plants. Radish was grown in a soil which had been contaminated with heavy metals prior to 1961.
Constant amounts of a fertilizer solution (NH4N03, KN03) were added daily. Soil solution was
obtained at intervals by displacement with water.
The cumulative additions of small amounts of fertilizers were made equal to the plants'
requirements at the final harvest but were found to exceed them during most of the experiment.
Excess fertilizers caused substantial increases of major (K, Ca, Mg) and heavy-metal (Cd, Zn) ions
in soil solutions and a decrease in soil pH, probably due to ion-exchange mechanisms and the
dissolution of carbonates.
Uptake of Cd and Zn into leaves was correlated with the mass flow of Cd (adjusted r2 = 0.798)
and Zn (adjusted r2=0.859). Uptake of K, Ca and Mg by the plants was independent of their
concentrations in solution.
It is concluded that, in order to study effects of plants on heavy-metal availability and obtain soil
solution that has not been altered by fertilizer ions, nutrients must be added according to the needs
and growth of the plants. This could be achieved by linking fertilizer additions to the rate of
transpiration, as nutrient uptake and transpiration were closely correlated in this experiment
U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1994.tb00497.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1994.tb00497.x
M3 - Journal article
SN - 1351-0754
VL - 45
SP - 159
EP - 165
JO - European Journal of Soil Science
JF - European Journal of Soil Science
IS - 2
ER -
