Analysis of Drugs of Abuse in Anonymously Collected Urine and Soil samples from a Music Festival in Scandinavia

Marie Mardal; Pedram Ramin; Benedek G. Plósz; Hans H. Maurer; Markus R. Meyer

Abstract

Aim: Pooled human urine and soil from urinating spots were collected anonymously at a Scandinavian music festival. Samples should be screened for drugs of abuse, particularly novel psychoactive substances (NPS), but also therapeutic drugs and ethanol. Methods: Twenty-one urine samples were collected anonymously from urinal and HMMA-d3 and trimipramin-d3 were added as internal standards. Additionally, 12 soil samples were collected near fences where people urinated. Urine samples were processed by enzymatic conjugate cleavage, SPE (HCX and C18), and acetylation prior to GC-MS. Soil samples and urine samples were also prepared by adding acetonitrile, shaking, centrifugation, and evaporation. Extracts were then analyzed by UHPLC-MSn (TF LXQ), UHPLC-HRMS/MS (TF Q-Exactive), and GC-MS (TF ISQ). Urine samples were additionally tested for 9-carboxy-THC by immunoassay and ethanol by headspace GC-MS Results: In the urine samples, the following compounds (and their metabolites) could be detected: cocaine (in 13 samples), levamisole (11), MDMA (9), amphetamine (2), and methamphetamine (2). Furthermore, therapeutic drugs such as metoprolol, carbamazepine, citalopram, quetiapine, methylphenidate, sertraline, and loperamide could be detected. 9-carboxy-THC was detected in most samples by immunoassay and confirmed by GC-MS; six thereof with immunoassay concentrations >50 ng/mL. The average ethanol concentration was 0.60 g/L ± 0.12 (α=0.05, n=21). In the soil samples, the following drugs of abuse could be detected besides several therapeutic drugs: cocaine (9), MDMA (7), sildenafil (2), ketamine (1), amphetamine (1), and oxycodone (1). Conclusions: NPS were detected neither in urine nor in soil samples. This might be due to low concentrations based on their negligible consumption at the studied festival side or chemical instability. Soil samples could be proved to be useful for investigating consumption of drugs of abuse as a supplement to urine samples

Original language	English
Publication date	2014
Number of pages	1
Publication status	Published - 2014
Event	52nd Annual meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists - Buenos Aires, Argentina Duration: 9 Nov 2014 → 13 Nov 2014 Conference number: 52

Conference

Conference	52nd Annual meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists
Number	52
Country/Territory	Argentina
City	Buenos Aires
Period	09/11/2014 → 13/11/2014

Keywords

Drugs of abuse
Pooled urine samples
Soil samples

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@conference{4236f853144248cd8236881f6a86fc2d,

title = "Analysis of Drugs of Abuse in Anonymously Collected Urine and Soil samples from a Music Festival in Scandinavia",

abstract = "Aim: Pooled human urine and soil from urinating spots were collected anonymously at a Scandinavian music festival. Samples should be screened for drugs of abuse, particularly novel psychoactive substances (NPS), but also therapeutic drugs and ethanol. Methods: Twenty-one urine samples were collected anonymously from urinal and HMMA-d3 and trimipramin-d3 were added as internal standards. Additionally, 12 soil samples were collected near fences where people urinated. Urine samples were processed by enzymatic conjugate cleavage, SPE (HCX and C18), and acetylation prior to GC-MS. Soil samples and urine samples were also prepared by adding acetonitrile, shaking, centrifugation, and evaporation. Extracts were then analyzed by UHPLC-MSn (TF LXQ), UHPLC-HRMS/MS (TF Q-Exactive), and GC-MS (TF ISQ). Urine samples were additionally tested for 9-carboxy-THC by immunoassay and ethanol by headspace GC-MS Results: In the urine samples, the following compounds (and their metabolites) could be detected: cocaine (in 13 samples), levamisole (11), MDMA (9), amphetamine (2), and methamphetamine (2). Furthermore, therapeutic drugs such as metoprolol, carbamazepine, citalopram, quetiapine, methylphenidate, sertraline, and loperamide could be detected. 9-carboxy-THC was detected in most samples by immunoassay and confirmed by GC-MS; six thereof with immunoassay concentrations >50 ng/mL. The average ethanol concentration was 0.60 g/L ± 0.12 (α=0.05, n=21). In the soil samples, the following drugs of abuse could be detected besides several therapeutic drugs: cocaine (9), MDMA (7), sildenafil (2), ketamine (1), amphetamine (1), and oxycodone (1). Conclusions: NPS were detected neither in urine nor in soil samples. This might be due to low concentrations based on their negligible consumption at the studied festival side or chemical instability. Soil samples could be proved to be useful for investigating consumption of drugs of abuse as a supplement to urine samples ",

keywords = "Drugs of abuse, Pooled urine samples, Soil samples",

author = "Marie Mardal and Pedram Ramin and Pl{\'o}sz, {Benedek G.} and Maurer, {Hans H.} and Meyer, {Markus R.}",

year = "2014",

language = "English",

note = "52nd Annual meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, TIAFT ; Conference date: 09-11-2014 Through 13-11-2014",

}

Analysis of Drugs of Abuse in Anonymously Collected Urine and Soil samples from a Music Festival in Scandinavia. / Mardal, Marie; Ramin, Pedram; Plósz, Benedek G. et al.
2014. Abstract from 52nd Annual meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Research output: Contribution to conference › Conference abstract for conference › Research › peer-review

TY - ABST

T1 - Analysis of Drugs of Abuse in Anonymously Collected Urine and Soil samples from a Music Festival in Scandinavia

AU - Mardal, Marie

AU - Ramin, Pedram

AU - Plósz, Benedek G.

AU - Maurer, Hans H.

AU - Meyer, Markus R.

N1 - Conference code: 52

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - Aim: Pooled human urine and soil from urinating spots were collected anonymously at a Scandinavian music festival. Samples should be screened for drugs of abuse, particularly novel psychoactive substances (NPS), but also therapeutic drugs and ethanol. Methods: Twenty-one urine samples were collected anonymously from urinal and HMMA-d3 and trimipramin-d3 were added as internal standards. Additionally, 12 soil samples were collected near fences where people urinated. Urine samples were processed by enzymatic conjugate cleavage, SPE (HCX and C18), and acetylation prior to GC-MS. Soil samples and urine samples were also prepared by adding acetonitrile, shaking, centrifugation, and evaporation. Extracts were then analyzed by UHPLC-MSn (TF LXQ), UHPLC-HRMS/MS (TF Q-Exactive), and GC-MS (TF ISQ). Urine samples were additionally tested for 9-carboxy-THC by immunoassay and ethanol by headspace GC-MS Results: In the urine samples, the following compounds (and their metabolites) could be detected: cocaine (in 13 samples), levamisole (11), MDMA (9), amphetamine (2), and methamphetamine (2). Furthermore, therapeutic drugs such as metoprolol, carbamazepine, citalopram, quetiapine, methylphenidate, sertraline, and loperamide could be detected. 9-carboxy-THC was detected in most samples by immunoassay and confirmed by GC-MS; six thereof with immunoassay concentrations >50 ng/mL. The average ethanol concentration was 0.60 g/L ± 0.12 (α=0.05, n=21). In the soil samples, the following drugs of abuse could be detected besides several therapeutic drugs: cocaine (9), MDMA (7), sildenafil (2), ketamine (1), amphetamine (1), and oxycodone (1). Conclusions: NPS were detected neither in urine nor in soil samples. This might be due to low concentrations based on their negligible consumption at the studied festival side or chemical instability. Soil samples could be proved to be useful for investigating consumption of drugs of abuse as a supplement to urine samples

AB - Aim: Pooled human urine and soil from urinating spots were collected anonymously at a Scandinavian music festival. Samples should be screened for drugs of abuse, particularly novel psychoactive substances (NPS), but also therapeutic drugs and ethanol. Methods: Twenty-one urine samples were collected anonymously from urinal and HMMA-d3 and trimipramin-d3 were added as internal standards. Additionally, 12 soil samples were collected near fences where people urinated. Urine samples were processed by enzymatic conjugate cleavage, SPE (HCX and C18), and acetylation prior to GC-MS. Soil samples and urine samples were also prepared by adding acetonitrile, shaking, centrifugation, and evaporation. Extracts were then analyzed by UHPLC-MSn (TF LXQ), UHPLC-HRMS/MS (TF Q-Exactive), and GC-MS (TF ISQ). Urine samples were additionally tested for 9-carboxy-THC by immunoassay and ethanol by headspace GC-MS Results: In the urine samples, the following compounds (and their metabolites) could be detected: cocaine (in 13 samples), levamisole (11), MDMA (9), amphetamine (2), and methamphetamine (2). Furthermore, therapeutic drugs such as metoprolol, carbamazepine, citalopram, quetiapine, methylphenidate, sertraline, and loperamide could be detected. 9-carboxy-THC was detected in most samples by immunoassay and confirmed by GC-MS; six thereof with immunoassay concentrations >50 ng/mL. The average ethanol concentration was 0.60 g/L ± 0.12 (α=0.05, n=21). In the soil samples, the following drugs of abuse could be detected besides several therapeutic drugs: cocaine (9), MDMA (7), sildenafil (2), ketamine (1), amphetamine (1), and oxycodone (1). Conclusions: NPS were detected neither in urine nor in soil samples. This might be due to low concentrations based on their negligible consumption at the studied festival side or chemical instability. Soil samples could be proved to be useful for investigating consumption of drugs of abuse as a supplement to urine samples

KW - Drugs of abuse

KW - Pooled urine samples

KW - Soil samples

M3 - Conference abstract for conference

T2 - 52nd Annual meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists

Y2 - 9 November 2014 through 13 November 2014

ER -