TY - CHAP
T1 - Advances in Groundwater Remediation: Achieving Effective In Situ Delivery of Chemical Oxidants and Amendments
AU - Siegrist, Robert L.
AU - Crimi, Michelle
AU - Broholm, Mette Martina
AU - McCray, John E.
AU - Illangasekare, Tissa H.
AU - Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Contamination of soil and groundwater by organic chemicals represents
a major environmental problem in urban areas throughout the United States and
other industrialized nations. In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) has emerged as one
of several viable methods for remediation of organically contaminated sites. Many
of the most prevalent organic contaminants of concern at sites in urban areas (e.g.,
chlorinated solvents, motor and heating fuels) can be destroyed using catalyzed
hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), sodium persulfate
(Na 2 S 2 O 8 ), or ozone (O 3 ) delivered into the subsurface using injection wells, probes,
or other techniques. A continuing challenge for ISCO, as well as other in situ remediation
technologies, is how to achieve in situ delivery and obtain simultaneous
contact between treatment fl uids, such as oxidants and amendments, and the target
contaminants. During the past few years, advances have been made in several key
areas including knowledge and know-how associated with: (1) use of amendments
for enhanced delivery and distribution of treatment fl uids in heterogeneous settings
with zones of low permeability media, (2) use of direct push technology for targeted
high resolution delivery of treatment fl uids, and (3) use of monitoring and sensing
methods for direct feedback for delivery control and evaluation of remediation
effectiveness. This paper provides a summary of ISCO and highlights ongoing efforts to advance the effective in situ delivery of treatment fl uids, with an emphasis
on chemical oxidants and amendments, which can help achieve cleanup goals and
protect groundwater and associated drinking water resources.
AB - Contamination of soil and groundwater by organic chemicals represents
a major environmental problem in urban areas throughout the United States and
other industrialized nations. In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) has emerged as one
of several viable methods for remediation of organically contaminated sites. Many
of the most prevalent organic contaminants of concern at sites in urban areas (e.g.,
chlorinated solvents, motor and heating fuels) can be destroyed using catalyzed
hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), sodium persulfate
(Na 2 S 2 O 8 ), or ozone (O 3 ) delivered into the subsurface using injection wells, probes,
or other techniques. A continuing challenge for ISCO, as well as other in situ remediation
technologies, is how to achieve in situ delivery and obtain simultaneous
contact between treatment fl uids, such as oxidants and amendments, and the target
contaminants. During the past few years, advances have been made in several key
areas including knowledge and know-how associated with: (1) use of amendments
for enhanced delivery and distribution of treatment fl uids in heterogeneous settings
with zones of low permeability media, (2) use of direct push technology for targeted
high resolution delivery of treatment fl uids, and (3) use of monitoring and sensing
methods for direct feedback for delivery control and evaluation of remediation
effectiveness. This paper provides a summary of ISCO and highlights ongoing efforts to advance the effective in situ delivery of treatment fl uids, with an emphasis
on chemical oxidants and amendments, which can help achieve cleanup goals and
protect groundwater and associated drinking water resources.
U2 - 10.1007/978-94-007-2240-8_15
DO - 10.1007/978-94-007-2240-8_15
M3 - Book chapter
SN - 978-94-007-2239-2
T3 - NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security
SP - 197
EP - 212
BT - Clean Soil and Safe Water
A2 - Quercia, F. F.
A2 - Vidojevic, D.
PB - Springer Science+Business Media
ER -