A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions

Sam Christian; Andrew Vanderburg; Juliette Becker; Daniel A. Yahalomi; Logan Pearce; George Zhou; Karen A. Collins; Adam L. Kraus; Keivan G. Stassun; Zoe de Beurs; George R. Ricker; Roland K. Vanderspek; David W. Latham; Joshua N. Winn; S. Seager; Jon M. Jenkins; Lyu Abe; Karim Agabi; Pedro J. Amado; David Baker; Khalid Barkaoui; Zouhair Benkhaldoun; Paul Benni; John Berberian; Perry Berlind; Allyson Bieryla; Emma Esparza-Borges; Michael Bowen; Peyton Brown; Lars A. Buchhave; Christopher J. Burke; Marco Buttu; Charles Cadieux; Douglas A. Caldwell; David Charbonneau; Nikita Chazov; Sudhish Chimaladinne; Kevin I. Collins; Deven Combs; Dennis M. Conti; Nicolas Crouzet; Jerome P. de Leon; Shila Deljookorani; Brendan Diamond; René Doyon; Diana Dragomir; Georgina Dransfield; Zahra Essack; Phil Evans; Akihiko Fukui; Tianjun Gan; Gilbert A. Esquerdo; Michaël Gillon; Eric Girardin; Pere Guerra; Tristan Guillot; Eleanor Kate K. Habich; Andreea Henriksen; Nora Hoch; Keisuke I Isogai; Emmanuël Jehin; Eric L. N. Jensen; Marshall C. Johnson; John H. Livingston; John F. Kielkopf; Kingsley Kim; Kiyoe Kawauchi; Vadim Krushinsky; Veronica Kunzle; Didier Laloum; Dominic Leger; Pablo Lewin; Franco Mallia; Bob Massey; Mayuko Mori; Kim K. McLeod; Djamel Mékarnia; Ismael Mireles; Nikolay Mishevskiy; Motohide Tamura; Felipe Murgas; Norio Narita; Ramon Naves; Peter Nelson; Hugh P. Osborn; Enric Palle; Hannu Parviainen; Peter Plavchan; Francisco J. Pozuelos; Markus Rabus; Howard M. Relles; Cristina Rodríguez López; Samuel N. Quinn; Francois-Xavier Schmider; Joshua E. Schlieder; Richard P. Schwarz; Avi Shporer; Laurie Sibbald; Gregor Srdoc; Caitlin Stibbards; Hannah Stickler; Olga Suarez; Chris Stockdale; Thiam-Guan Tan; Yuka Terada; Amaury Triaud; Rene Tronsgaard; William C. Waalkes; Gavin Wang; Noriharu Watanabe; Marie-Sainte Wenceslas; Geof Wingham; Justin Wittrock; Carl Ziegler

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac517f

A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions

Sam Christian^*, Andrew Vanderburg, Juliette Becker, Daniel A. Yahalomi, Logan Pearce, George Zhou, Karen A. Collins, Adam L. Kraus, Keivan G. Stassun, Zoe de Beurs, George R. Ricker, Roland K. Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Joshua N. Winn, S. Seager, Jon M. Jenkins, Lyu Abe, Karim Agabi, Pedro J. Amado, David BakerKhalid Barkaoui, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Paul Benni, John Berberian, Perry Berlind, Allyson Bieryla, Emma Esparza-Borges, Michael Bowen, Peyton Brown, Lars A. Buchhave, Christopher J. Burke, Marco Buttu, Charles Cadieux, Douglas A. Caldwell, David Charbonneau, Nikita Chazov, Sudhish Chimaladinne, Kevin I. Collins, Deven Combs, Dennis M. Conti, Nicolas Crouzet, Jerome P. de Leon, Shila Deljookorani, Brendan Diamond, René Doyon, Diana Dragomir, Georgina Dransfield, Zahra Essack, Phil Evans, Akihiko Fukui, Tianjun Gan, Gilbert A. Esquerdo, Michaël Gillon, Eric Girardin, Pere Guerra, Tristan Guillot, Eleanor Kate K. Habich, Andreea Henriksen, Nora Hoch, Keisuke I Isogai, Emmanuël Jehin, Eric L. N. Jensen, Marshall C. Johnson, John H. Livingston, John F. Kielkopf, Kingsley Kim, Kiyoe Kawauchi, Vadim Krushinsky, Veronica Kunzle, Didier Laloum, Dominic Leger, Pablo Lewin, Franco Mallia, Bob Massey, Mayuko Mori, Kim K. McLeod, Djamel Mékarnia, Ismael Mireles, Nikolay Mishevskiy, Motohide Tamura, Felipe Murgas, Norio Narita, Ramon Naves, Peter Nelson, Hugh P. Osborn, Enric Palle, Hannu Parviainen, Peter Plavchan, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Markus Rabus, Howard M. Relles, Cristina Rodríguez López, Samuel N. Quinn, Francois-Xavier Schmider, Joshua E. Schlieder, Richard P. Schwarz, Avi Shporer, Laurie Sibbald, Gregor Srdoc, Caitlin Stibbards, Hannah Stickler, Olga Suarez, Chris Stockdale, Thiam-Guan Tan, Yuka Terada, Amaury Triaud, Rene Tronsgaard, William C. Waalkes, Gavin Wang, Noriharu Watanabe, Marie-Sainte Wenceslas, Geof Wingham, Justin Wittrock, Carl Ziegler

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Abstract

Astronomers do not have a complete picture of the effects of wide-binary companions (semimajor axes greater than 100 au) on the formation and evolution of exoplanets. We investigate these effects using new data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission to characterize wide-binary systems with transiting exoplanets. We identify a sample of 67 systems of transiting exoplanet candidates (with well-determined, edge-on orbital inclinations) that reside in wide visual binary systems. We derive limits on orbital parameters for the wide-binary systems and measure the minimum difference in orbital inclination between the binary and planet orbits. We determine that there is statistically significant difference in the inclination distribution of wide-binary systems with transiting planets compared to a control sample, with the probability that the two distributions are the same being 0.0037. This implies that there is an overabundance of planets in binary systems whose orbits are aligned with those of the binary. The overabundance of aligned systems appears to primarily have semimajor axes less than 700 au. We investigate some effects that could cause the alignment and conclude that a torque caused by a misaligned binary companion on the protoplanetary disk is the most promising explanation.

Original language	English
Article number	207
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	163
Issue number	5
Number of pages	26
ISSN	0004-6256
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac517f
Publication status	Published - 2022

Keywords

Star-planet interactions
Circumstellar disks
Exoplanet evolution
Wide binary stars
Visual binary stars

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Christian, S., Vanderburg, A., Becker, J., Yahalomi, D. A., Pearce, L., Zhou, G., Collins, K. A., Kraus, A. L., Stassun, K. G., Beurs, Z. D., Ricker, G. R., Vanderspek, R. K., Latham, D. W., Winn, J. N., Seager, S., Jenkins, J. M., Abe, L., Agabi, K., Amado, P. J., ... Ziegler, C. (2022). A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions. Astronomical Journal, 163(5), Article 207. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac517f

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title = "A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions",

abstract = "Astronomers do not have a complete picture of the effects of wide-binary companions (semimajor axes greater than 100 au) on the formation and evolution of exoplanets. We investigate these effects using new data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission to characterize wide-binary systems with transiting exoplanets. We identify a sample of 67 systems of transiting exoplanet candidates (with well-determined, edge-on orbital inclinations) that reside in wide visual binary systems. We derive limits on orbital parameters for the wide-binary systems and measure the minimum difference in orbital inclination between the binary and planet orbits. We determine that there is statistically significant difference in the inclination distribution of wide-binary systems with transiting planets compared to a control sample, with the probability that the two distributions are the same being 0.0037. This implies that there is an overabundance of planets in binary systems whose orbits are aligned with those of the binary. The overabundance of aligned systems appears to primarily have semimajor axes less than 700 au. We investigate some effects that could cause the alignment and conclude that a torque caused by a misaligned binary companion on the protoplanetary disk is the most promising explanation.",

keywords = "Star-planet interactions, Circumstellar disks, Exoplanet evolution, Wide binary stars, Visual binary stars",

author = "Sam Christian and Andrew Vanderburg and Juliette Becker and Yahalomi, {Daniel A.} and Logan Pearce and George Zhou and Collins, {Karen A.} and Kraus, {Adam L.} and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and Beurs, {Zoe de} and Ricker, {George R.} and Vanderspek, {Roland K.} and Latham, {David W.} and Winn, {Joshua N.} and S. Seager and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Lyu Abe and Karim Agabi and Amado, {Pedro J.} and David Baker and Khalid Barkaoui and Zouhair Benkhaldoun and Paul Benni and John Berberian and Perry Berlind and Allyson Bieryla and Emma Esparza-Borges and Michael Bowen and Peyton Brown and Buchhave, {Lars A.} and Burke, {Christopher J.} and Marco Buttu and Charles Cadieux and Caldwell, {Douglas A.} and David Charbonneau and Nikita Chazov and Sudhish Chimaladinne and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Deven Combs and Conti, {Dennis M.} and Nicolas Crouzet and Leon, {Jerome P. de} and Shila Deljookorani and Brendan Diamond and Ren{\'e} Doyon and Diana Dragomir and Georgina Dransfield and Zahra Essack and Phil Evans and Akihiko Fukui and Tianjun Gan and Esquerdo, {Gilbert A.} and Micha{\"e}l Gillon and Eric Girardin and Pere Guerra and Tristan Guillot and Habich, {Eleanor Kate K.} and Andreea Henriksen and Nora Hoch and Isogai, {Keisuke I} and Emmanu{\"e}l Jehin and Jensen, {Eric L. N.} and Johnson, {Marshall C.} and Livingston, {John H.} and Kielkopf, {John F.} and Kingsley Kim and Kiyoe Kawauchi and Vadim Krushinsky and Veronica Kunzle and Didier Laloum and Dominic Leger and Pablo Lewin and Franco Mallia and Bob Massey and Mayuko Mori and McLeod, {Kim K.} and Djamel M{\'e}karnia and Ismael Mireles and Nikolay Mishevskiy and Motohide Tamura and Felipe Murgas and Norio Narita and Ramon Naves and Peter Nelson and Osborn, {Hugh P.} and Enric Palle and Hannu Parviainen and Peter Plavchan and Pozuelos, {Francisco J.} and Markus Rabus and Relles, {Howard M.} and L{\'o}pez, {Cristina Rodr{\'i}guez} and Quinn, {Samuel N.} and Francois-Xavier Schmider and Schlieder, {Joshua E.} and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Avi Shporer and Laurie Sibbald and Gregor Srdoc and Caitlin Stibbards and Hannah Stickler and Olga Suarez and Chris Stockdale and Thiam-Guan Tan and Yuka Terada and Amaury Triaud and Rene Tronsgaard and Waalkes, {William C.} and Gavin Wang and Noriharu Watanabe and Marie-Sainte Wenceslas and Geof Wingham and Justin Wittrock and Carl Ziegler",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ac517f",

language = "English",

volume = "163",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "IOP Publishing",

number = "5",

}

Christian, S, Vanderburg, A, Becker, J, Yahalomi, DA, Pearce, L, Zhou, G, Collins, KA, Kraus, AL, Stassun, KG, Beurs, ZD, Ricker, GR, Vanderspek, RK, Latham, DW, Winn, JN, Seager, S, Jenkins, JM, Abe, L, Agabi, K, Amado, PJ, Baker, D, Barkaoui, K, Benkhaldoun, Z, Benni, P, Berberian, J, Berlind, P, Bieryla, A, Esparza-Borges, E, Bowen, M, Brown, P, Buchhave, LA, Burke, CJ, Buttu, M, Cadieux, C, Caldwell, DA, Charbonneau, D, Chazov, N, Chimaladinne, S, Collins, KI, Combs, D, Conti, DM, Crouzet, N, Leon, JPD, Deljookorani, S, Diamond, B, Doyon, R, Dragomir, D, Dransfield, G, Essack, Z, Evans, P, Fukui, A, Gan, T, Esquerdo, GA, Gillon, M, Girardin, E, Guerra, P, Guillot, T, Habich, EKK, Henriksen, A, Hoch, N, Isogai, KI, Jehin, E, Jensen, ELN, Johnson, MC, Livingston, JH, Kielkopf, JF, Kim, K, Kawauchi, K, Krushinsky, V, Kunzle, V, Laloum, D, Leger, D, Lewin, P, Mallia, F, Massey, B, Mori, M, McLeod, KK, Mékarnia, D, Mireles, I, Mishevskiy, N, Tamura, M, Murgas, F, Narita, N, Naves, R, Nelson, P, Osborn, HP, Palle, E, Parviainen, H, Plavchan, P, Pozuelos, FJ, Rabus, M, Relles, HM, López, CR, Quinn, SN, Schmider, F-X, Schlieder, JE, Schwarz, RP, Shporer, A, Sibbald, L, Srdoc, G, Stibbards, C, Stickler, H, Suarez, O, Stockdale, C, Tan, T-G, Terada, Y, Triaud, A, Tronsgaard, R, Waalkes, WC, Wang, G, Watanabe, N, Wenceslas, M-S, Wingham, G, Wittrock, J & Ziegler, C 2022, 'A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions', Astronomical Journal, vol. 163, no. 5, 207. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac517f

TY - JOUR

T1 - A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions

AU - Christian, Sam

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew

AU - Becker, Juliette

AU - Yahalomi, Daniel A.

AU - Pearce, Logan

AU - Zhou, George

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Kraus, Adam L.

AU - Stassun, Keivan G.

AU - Beurs, Zoe de

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Vanderspek, Roland K.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Seager, S.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Abe, Lyu

AU - Agabi, Karim

AU - Amado, Pedro J.

AU - Baker, David

AU - Barkaoui, Khalid

AU - Benkhaldoun, Zouhair

AU - Benni, Paul

AU - Berberian, John

AU - Berlind, Perry

AU - Bieryla, Allyson

AU - Esparza-Borges, Emma

AU - Bowen, Michael

AU - Brown, Peyton

AU - Buchhave, Lars A.

AU - Burke, Christopher J.

AU - Buttu, Marco

AU - Cadieux, Charles

AU - Caldwell, Douglas A.

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Chazov, Nikita

AU - Chimaladinne, Sudhish

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Combs, Deven

AU - Conti, Dennis M.

AU - Crouzet, Nicolas

AU - Leon, Jerome P. de

AU - Deljookorani, Shila

AU - Diamond, Brendan

AU - Doyon, René

AU - Dragomir, Diana

AU - Dransfield, Georgina

AU - Essack, Zahra

AU - Evans, Phil

AU - Fukui, Akihiko

AU - Gan, Tianjun

AU - Esquerdo, Gilbert A.

AU - Gillon, Michaël

AU - Girardin, Eric

AU - Guerra, Pere

AU - Guillot, Tristan

AU - Habich, Eleanor Kate K.

AU - Henriksen, Andreea

AU - Hoch, Nora

AU - Isogai, Keisuke I

AU - Jehin, Emmanuël

AU - Jensen, Eric L. N.

AU - Johnson, Marshall C.

AU - Livingston, John H.

AU - Kielkopf, John F.

AU - Kim, Kingsley

AU - Kawauchi, Kiyoe

AU - Krushinsky, Vadim

AU - Kunzle, Veronica

AU - Laloum, Didier

AU - Leger, Dominic

AU - Lewin, Pablo

AU - Mallia, Franco

AU - Massey, Bob

AU - Mori, Mayuko

AU - McLeod, Kim K.

AU - Mékarnia, Djamel

AU - Mireles, Ismael

AU - Mishevskiy, Nikolay

AU - Tamura, Motohide

AU - Murgas, Felipe

AU - Narita, Norio

AU - Naves, Ramon

AU - Nelson, Peter

AU - Osborn, Hugh P.

AU - Palle, Enric

AU - Parviainen, Hannu

AU - Plavchan, Peter

AU - Pozuelos, Francisco J.

AU - Rabus, Markus

AU - Relles, Howard M.

AU - López, Cristina Rodríguez

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Schmider, Francois-Xavier

AU - Schlieder, Joshua E.

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Sibbald, Laurie

AU - Srdoc, Gregor

AU - Stibbards, Caitlin

AU - Stickler, Hannah

AU - Suarez, Olga

AU - Stockdale, Chris

AU - Tan, Thiam-Guan

AU - Terada, Yuka

AU - Triaud, Amaury

AU - Tronsgaard, Rene

AU - Waalkes, William C.

AU - Wang, Gavin

AU - Watanabe, Noriharu

AU - Wenceslas, Marie-Sainte

AU - Wingham, Geof

AU - Wittrock, Justin

AU - Ziegler, Carl

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Astronomers do not have a complete picture of the effects of wide-binary companions (semimajor axes greater than 100 au) on the formation and evolution of exoplanets. We investigate these effects using new data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission to characterize wide-binary systems with transiting exoplanets. We identify a sample of 67 systems of transiting exoplanet candidates (with well-determined, edge-on orbital inclinations) that reside in wide visual binary systems. We derive limits on orbital parameters for the wide-binary systems and measure the minimum difference in orbital inclination between the binary and planet orbits. We determine that there is statistically significant difference in the inclination distribution of wide-binary systems with transiting planets compared to a control sample, with the probability that the two distributions are the same being 0.0037. This implies that there is an overabundance of planets in binary systems whose orbits are aligned with those of the binary. The overabundance of aligned systems appears to primarily have semimajor axes less than 700 au. We investigate some effects that could cause the alignment and conclude that a torque caused by a misaligned binary companion on the protoplanetary disk is the most promising explanation.

AB - Astronomers do not have a complete picture of the effects of wide-binary companions (semimajor axes greater than 100 au) on the formation and evolution of exoplanets. We investigate these effects using new data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission to characterize wide-binary systems with transiting exoplanets. We identify a sample of 67 systems of transiting exoplanet candidates (with well-determined, edge-on orbital inclinations) that reside in wide visual binary systems. We derive limits on orbital parameters for the wide-binary systems and measure the minimum difference in orbital inclination between the binary and planet orbits. We determine that there is statistically significant difference in the inclination distribution of wide-binary systems with transiting planets compared to a control sample, with the probability that the two distributions are the same being 0.0037. This implies that there is an overabundance of planets in binary systems whose orbits are aligned with those of the binary. The overabundance of aligned systems appears to primarily have semimajor axes less than 700 au. We investigate some effects that could cause the alignment and conclude that a torque caused by a misaligned binary companion on the protoplanetary disk is the most promising explanation.

KW - Star-planet interactions

KW - Circumstellar disks

KW - Exoplanet evolution

KW - Wide binary stars

KW - Visual binary stars

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac517f

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac517f

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 163

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 5

M1 - 207

ER -

A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions

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