A Market Framework for Enabling Electric Vehicles Flexibility Procurement at the Distribution Level Considering Grid Constraints

In a context of extensive electrification of the transport sector, the use of flexibility services from electric vehicles (EVs) is becoming of paramount importance. This paper defines a market framework for enabling EVs flexibility at the distribution level, considering grid constraints. The main objective is to establish an adequate incentive system and proceed with an evaluation of EVs grid support for both users and DSOs, benchmarking it against the typical reinforcement solution. To exploit this framework, a billing process based on a two-price system is proposed for the controlled EV charging. The derived methodology is applied to a piece of semi-urban Danish distribution grid consisting of 42 customers. The service remuneration spans from 16 €/year to 51 €/year per customer, depending on the incentive scheme, and avoids a standard reinforcement of approximately 6200 €/year. It is demonstrated the benefit for DSOs and society, proving a technical and economic feasible solution.