TY - JOUR
T1 - A galaxy group candidate at z approximate to 3.7 in the COSMOS field
AU - Sillassen, Nikolaj B.
AU - Jin, Shuowen
AU - Magdis, Georgios E.
AU - Daddi, Emanuele
AU - Weaver, John R.
AU - Gobat, Raphael
AU - Kokorev, Vasilii
AU - Valentino, Francesco
AU - Finoguenov, Alexis
AU - Shuntov, Marko
AU - Gomez-Guijarro, Carlos
AU - Coogan, Rosemary
AU - Greve, Thomas R.
AU - Toft, Sune
AU - Sese, David Blanquez
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - We report a galaxy group candidate HPC1001 at z approximate to 3.7 in the COSMOS field. This structure was selected as a high galaxy overdensity at z > 3 in the COSMOS2020 catalog. It contains ten candidate members, of which eight are assembled in a 10 '' x 10 '' area with the highest sky density among known protoclusters and groups at z > 3. Four out of ten sources were also detected at 1.2mm with Atacama Large Millimeter Array continuum observations. Photometric redshifts, measured by four independent methods, fall within a narrow range of 3.5 < z < 3.9 and with a weighted average of z = 3.65 +/- 0.07. The integrated far-IR-to-radio spectral energy distribution yields a total UV and IR star formation rate SFR approximate to 900 M-circle dot yr(-1). We also estimated a halo mass of similar to 10(13) M-circle dot for the structure, which at this redshift is consistent with potential cold gas inflow. Remarkably, the most massive member has a specific star formation rate and dust to stellar mass ratio of M-dust/M-* that are both significantly lower than that of star-forming galaxies at this redshift, suggesting that HPC1001 could be a z approximate to 3.7 galaxy group in maturing phase. If confirmed, this would be the earliest structure in maturing phase to date, and an ideal laboratory to study the formation of the earliest quiescent galaxies as well as cold gas accretion in dense environments.
AB - We report a galaxy group candidate HPC1001 at z approximate to 3.7 in the COSMOS field. This structure was selected as a high galaxy overdensity at z > 3 in the COSMOS2020 catalog. It contains ten candidate members, of which eight are assembled in a 10 '' x 10 '' area with the highest sky density among known protoclusters and groups at z > 3. Four out of ten sources were also detected at 1.2mm with Atacama Large Millimeter Array continuum observations. Photometric redshifts, measured by four independent methods, fall within a narrow range of 3.5 < z < 3.9 and with a weighted average of z = 3.65 +/- 0.07. The integrated far-IR-to-radio spectral energy distribution yields a total UV and IR star formation rate SFR approximate to 900 M-circle dot yr(-1). We also estimated a halo mass of similar to 10(13) M-circle dot for the structure, which at this redshift is consistent with potential cold gas inflow. Remarkably, the most massive member has a specific star formation rate and dust to stellar mass ratio of M-dust/M-* that are both significantly lower than that of star-forming galaxies at this redshift, suggesting that HPC1001 could be a z approximate to 3.7 galaxy group in maturing phase. If confirmed, this would be the earliest structure in maturing phase to date, and an ideal laboratory to study the formation of the earliest quiescent galaxies as well as cold gas accretion in dense environments.
KW - Galaxy: evolution
KW - Galaxies: high-redshift galaxies
KW - Submillimeter: galaxies
KW - Galaxies: clusters: general
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202244661
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202244661
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0004-6361
VL - 665
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
M1 - L7
ER -