Viral and host factors of zoonotic and pandemic influenza A viruses

The Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant pathogen affecting both humans and animals, with the potential for zoonotic transmission. Throughout history, severe influenza pandemics have resulted in the loss of millions of lives. The continual transmission of the influenza virus from humans to pigs allows for the exchange of genetic material with endemic swine influenza viruses. This process could give rise to novel reassortant viruses that may possess zoonotic and pandemic potential.