The aim of this paper is to assess how policy goals in relation to the promotion of
green growth, energy security, pollution control and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions
have been aligned in policies that have been implemented in selected countries during the
last decades as a basis for discussing how a multi objective policy paradigm can contribute to
future climate change mitigation. The paper includes country case studies from Brazil, Canada, China, the EuropeanUnion (EU), India, Japan,Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa, SouthKorea and
the United States covering renewable energy options, industry, transportation, the residential
sector and cross-sectoral policies. These countries and regions together contribute more than
two thirds of global GHG emissions. The paper finds that policies that are nationally driven and
that have multiple objectives, including climate-change mitigation, have been widely applied
for decades in both developing countries and industrialised countries. Many of these policies
have a long history, and adjustments have taken place based on experience and cost effectiveness
concerns. Various energy and climate-change policy goals have worked together in these
countries, and in practice a mix of policies reflecting specific priorities and contexts have been
pursued. In this way, climate-change mitigation has been aligned with other policy objectives
and integrated into broader policy packages, though in many cases specific attention has not
been given to the achievement of large GHG emission reductions. Based on these experiences
with policy implementation, the paper highlights a number of key coordination and design
issues that are pertinent to the successful joint implementation of several energy and climatechange
policy goals.