Per Ambus
- 2013
- Published
Annual maize and perennial grass-clover strip cropping for increased resource use efficiency and productivity using organic farming practice as a model. / Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Johansen, Anders; Carter, Mette Sustmann; Ambus, Per; Jensen, Erik Steen.
In: European Journal of Agronomy, Vol. 47, 2013, p. 55-64.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2013
- Published
Effects of digestate from anaerobically digested cattle slurry and plant materials on soil microbial community and emission of CO2 and N2O. / Johansen, Anders; Carter, Mette Sustmann; Jensen, Erik S.; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Ambus, Per.
In: Applied Soil Ecology, Vol. 63, 2013, p. 36-44.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2013
- Published
Long-term effects of cropping system on N2O emission potential. / Petersen, Søren O.; Ambus, Per; Elsgaard, Lars; Schjønning, Per; Olesen, Jørgen E.
In: Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Vol. 57, 2013, p. 706-712.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2013
- 2012
- Published
Consequences of field N2O emissions for the environmental sustainability of plant-based biofuels produced within an organic farming system. / Carter, Mette Sustmann; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Heiske, Stefan; Jensen, Morten; Thomsen, Sune Tjalfe; Schmidt, Jens Ejbye; Johansen, Anders; Ambus, Per.
In: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2012, p. 435-452.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Effects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on soil C and N turnover dynamics. / Bruun, Esben; Ambus, Per; Egsgaard, Helge; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik.
In: Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Vol. 46, No. 4, 2012, p. 73-79.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Microbial biomass, microbial diversity, soil carbon storage, and stability after incubation of soil from grass-clover pastures of different age. / Müller-Stöver, Dorette Sophie; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Eriksen, Jørgen; Ambus, Per; Johansen, Anders.
In: Biology and Fertility of Soils, Vol. 48, No. 4, 2012, p. 371-383.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2012
- Published
Soil respiration is stimulated by elevated CO2 and reduced by summer drought: three years of measurements in a multifactor ecosystem manipulation experiment in a temperate heathland (CLIMAITE). / Selsted, Merete Bang; van der Linden, Leon; Ibrom, Andreas; Michelsen, Anders; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Pedersen, Jane K.; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Pilegaard, Kim; Beier, Claus; Ambus, Per.
In: Global Change Biology, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2012, p. 1216-1230.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2012
- Published
Strip cropping of alternating perennial grass–clover and annual rye–vetch intercrops when grown within an organic farming system. / Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Johansen, A.; Carter, Mette Sustmann; Ambus, Per; Jensen, E.S.
In: Field Crops Research, Vol. 136, 2012, p. 1-11.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2012
- Published
Terrestrial plant methane production. / Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Bruhn, Dan; Møller, Ian M.; Ambus, Per.
2012. Abstract from International conference on Biological Reactions of Forests to Climate Change and Air Pollution, Kaunas, Lithuania.Publication: Research › Conference abstract for conference – Annual report year: 2012
- Published
Terrestrial plant methane production and emission. / Bruhn, Dan; Møller, Ian M.; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Ambus, Per.
In: Physiologia Plantarum, Vol. 144, 2012, p. 201-209.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2012
- Published
UV-induced carbon monoxide emission from sand and living vegetation. / Bruhn, Dan; Albert, Kristian Rost; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Ambus, Per.
In: Biogeosciences Discussions, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2012, p. 8449.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2012
- 2011
- Published
Application of biochar to soil and N2O emissions: potential effects of blending fast‐pyrolysis biochar with anaerobically digested slurry. / Bruun, Esben; Müller-Stöver, Dorette Sophie; Ambus, Per; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik.
In: European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 62, No. 4, 2011, p. 581-589.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Cowpea N rhizodeposition and its below-ground transfer to a co-existing and to a subsequent millet crop on a sandy soil of the Sudano-Sahelian eco-zone. / Laberge, Guillaume; Haussmann, Bettina I.G.; Ambus, Per; Høgh-Jensen, Henning.
In: Plant and Soil, Vol. 340, No. 1-2, 2011, p. 369-382.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Effects of clover density on N2O emissions and plant-soil N transfers in a fertilised upland pasture. / Klumpp, Katja; Bloor, Juliette M. G.; Ambus, Per; Soussana, Jean-François.
In: Plant and Soil, Vol. 343, No. 1-2, 2011, p. 97-107.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2, prolonged summer drought and temperature increase on N2O and CH4 fluxes in a temperate heathland. / Carter, Mette Sustmann; Ambus, Per; Albert, Kristian Rost; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Andersson, Michael; Priemé, Anders; van der Linden, Leon Gareth; Beier, Claus.
In: Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Vol. 43, No. 8, 2011, p. 1660-1670.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Energy Production from Marine Biomass (Ulva lactuca). / Nikolaisen, Lars ; Daugbjerg Jensen, Peter ; Svane Bech, Karin ; Dahl, Jonas; Busk, Jørgen; Brødsgaard, Torben ; Rasmussen, Michael Bo ; Bruhn, Annette; Bjerre, Anne-Belinda ; Bangsø Nielsen, Henrik; Albert, Kristian Rost; Ambus, Per; Kádár, Zsófia; Heiske, Stefan; Sander, Bo; Schmidt, Erik Ravn.
Danish Technological Institute, 2011. 72 p.Publication: Research › Report – Annual report year: 2012
- Published
Field emissions of N2O during biomass production may affect the sustainability of agro-biofuels. / Carter, Mette Sustmann; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Heiske, Stefan; Thomsen, Sune Tjalfe; Jensen, Morten; Schmidt, Jens Ejbye; Johansen, Anders; Ambus, Per.
2011. Abstract from Sixth International Symposium on Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases, Amsterdam (NL), 2-4 Nov, .Publication: Research › Conference abstract for conference – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of energy crops may affect the sustainability of biofuels. / Carter, Mette Sustmann; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Heiske, Stefan; Thomsen, Sune Tjalfe; Jensen, Morten; Schmidt, Jens Ejbye; Johansen, Anders; Ambus, Per.
In: Energy Systems and Technologies for the coming Century : Proceedings. Roskilde : Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, 2011. p. 283-283 (Denmark. Forskningscenter Risoe. Risoe-R; No. 1776(EN)).Publication: Research - peer-review › Conference abstract in proceedings – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Influence of fast pyrolysis temperature on biochar labile fraction and short-term carbon loss in a loamy soil. / Bruun, Esben; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Ibrahim, Norazana; Egsgaard, Helge; Ambus, Per; Jensen, Peter Arendt; Dam-Johansen, Kim.
In: Biomass & Bioenergy, Vol. 35, No. 3, 2011, p. 1182-1189.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Is methane released from the forest canopy?. / Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Bruhn, Dan; Ambus, Per; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Ibrom, Andreas; Pilegaard, Kim.
In: iForest, Vol. 4, 2011, p. 200-204.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Measurement of carbon dioxide fluxes in a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment experiment using the closed flux chamber technique. / Selsted, Merete Bang; Ambus, Per; Michelsen, Anders; Linden, Leon; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Pilegaard, Kim; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Beier, Claus.
In: Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2011, p. 208-214.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
Organic matter flow in the food web at a temperate heath under multifactorial climate change. / Andresen, Louise C.; Konestabo, Heidi S.; Maraldo, Kristine; Holmstrup, Martin; Ambus, Per; Beier, Claus; Michelsen, Anders.
In: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 25, No. 11, 2011, p. 1485-1496.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2011
- E-pub ahead of print
Reactive nitrogen and greenhouse gas flux interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. / Ambus, Per; Skiba, Ute; Butterbach-Bahl, K.; Sutton, M.A.
In: Plant and Soil, 2011.Publication: Research - peer-review › Editorial – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Reduced N cycling in response to elevated CO2, warming, and drought in a Danish heathland. / Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Andresen, Louise C.; Beier, Claus; Jonasson, Sven; Albert, Kristian Rost; Ambus, Per; Arndal, Marie F.; Carter, Mette Sustmann; Christensen, Søren; Holmstrup, Martin; Ibrom, Andreas; Kongstad, Jane; van der Linden, Leon; Maraldo, Kristine; Michelsen, Anders; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Pilegaard, Kim; Primé, Anders; Ro-Poulsen, Helge; Schmidt, Inger K.; Selsted, Merete Bang; Stevnbak, Karen.
2011. Abstract from NitroEurope Open Conference - Nitrogen and Global Change, Edinburgh (GB), 11-15 Apr, .Publication: Research › Conference abstract for conference – Annual report year: 2011
- Published
Reduced N cycling in response to elevated CO2, warming, and drought in a Danish heathland: Synthesizing results of the CLIMAITE project after two years of treatments. / Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Andresen, Louise C.; Beier, Claus; Jonasson, Sven; Albert, Kristian Rost; Ambus, Per; Arndal, Marie F.; Carter, Mette Sustmann; Christensen, Søren; Holmstrup, Martin; Ibrom, Andreas; Kongstad, Jane; van der Linden, Leon Gareth; Maraldo, Kristine; Michelsen, Anders; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Pilegaard, Kim; Priemé, Anders; Ro-Poulsen, Helge; Schmidt, Inger K.; Selsted, Merete Bang; Stevnbak, Karen.
In: Global Change Biology, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2011, p. 1884-1899.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
The competitive ability of pea–barley intercrops against weeds and the interactions with crop productivity and soil N availability. / Corre-Hellou, G.; Dibet, A.; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Crozat, Y.; Gooding, M.; Ambus, Per; Dahlmann, C.; von Fragstein, P.; Pristeri, A.; Monti, M.; Jensen, E.S.
In: Field Crops Research, Vol. 122, No. 3, 2011, p. 264-272.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2011
- 2010
- Published
Ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of carbon in a heathland under future climatic conditions. / Selsted, Merete Bang; Ambus, Per (Supervisor); Michelsen, Anders (Supervisor).
Roskilde : Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, 2010. 99 p. (Risø-PhD-63(EN)).Publication: Research › Ph.d. thesis – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
Belowground heathland responses after 2 years of combined warming, elevated CO2 and summer drought. / Andresen, Louise C.; Michelsen, Anders; Ambus, Per; Beier, Claus.
In: Biogeochemistry, Vol. 101, No. 1-3, 2010, p. 27-42.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
Development of an accumulation-based system for cost-effective chamber measurements of inert trace gas fluxes. / Ambus, Per; Skiba, U.; Drewer, J.; Jones, S.K.; Carter, Mette Sustmann; Albert, Kristian Rost; Sutton, M.A.
In: European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 61, No. 5, 2010, p. 785-792.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 prolonged summer drought and temperature increase on N2O and CH4 fluxes in a temperate heathland. / Carter, Mette Sustmann; Ambus, Per; Albert, Kristian Rost; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Andersson, M:; Priemé, A.; van der Linden, L.; Beier, Claus.
2010. Abstract from Nordflux Workshop on Ecosystem disturbance and GHG exchange in the Nordic Region, Gunnarsholt (IS), 7-10 Sep, .Publication: Research › Conference abstract for conference – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
Emissions of nitrous oxide from arable organic and conventional cropping systems on two soil types. / Chirinda, N.; Carter, Mette Sustmann; Albert, Kristian Rost; Ambus, Per; Olesen, J.E.; Porter, P.R.; Petersen, S.O.
In: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 136, No. 3-4, 2010, p. 199-208.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
Emissions of nitrous oxide from Irish arable soils: effects of tillage and reduced N input. / Abdalla, M.; Jones, M.B.; Ambus, Per; Williams, M.
In: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, Vol. 86, No. 1, 2010, p. 53-65.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
Phosphorus resources in the mycorrhiza mycelium of adult plants is poorly available to a seedling connecting into the mycelium. / Merrild, M.; Ambus, Per; Rosendahl, S.; Jakobsen, Iver.
2010. Poster session presented at 4th International Symposium on Phosphorus Dynamics in the Soil-Plant Continuum, Beijing (CN), 19-23 Sep., .Publication: Research › Poster – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
Plant nutrient mobilization in temperate heathland responds to elevated CO2, temperature and drought. / Andresen, Louise C.; Michelsen, Anders; Jonasson, Sven; Schmidt, Inger K.; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Ambus, Per; Beier, Claus.
In: Plant and Soil, Vol. 328, No. 1-2, 2010, p. 381-396.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2010
- Published
Relating N2O emissions from energy crops to the avoided fossil fuel-derived CO2 - a study on bioethanol and biogas produced from rganically managed maize, rye, vetch and grass-clover. / Carter, Mette Sustmann; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Thomsen, Sune Tjalfe; Heiske, Stefan; Jensen, Morten; Schmidt, Jens Ejbye; Johansen, A.; Ambus, Per.
2010. Abstract from GHG Europe Workshop on Bioenergy, Dublin (IE), 27-29 Oct, .Publication: Research › Conference abstract for conference – Annual report year: 2010
- 2009
- Published
Abiotic Aerobic Methane Release from Plant Material. / Bruhn, Dan; Ambus, Per; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard.
2009. Poster session presented at ILEAPS/ICOS/NEU Workshop on eddy covariance flux measurements of CH4 and N2O exchanges, Hyytiälä (FI), 8-11 April, .Publication: Research › Poster – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Application of the DNDC model to predict emissions of N2O from Irish agriculture. / Abdalla, M.; Wattenbach, M.; Smith, P.; Ambus, Per; Jones, M.B.; Williams, M.
In: Geoderma, Vol. 151, No. 3-4, 2009, p. 327-337.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Aquatic Biomass for Biofuel. / Rasmussen, M.B.; Jensen, P.D.; Bruhn, A.; Mouritsen, L.T.; Olesen, B.; Markager, S.S.; Thomsen, Anne Belinda; Ambus, Per; Bangsø Nielsen, Henrik; Dahl, J.; Sander, B.; Ravn, E.
2009. Poster session presented at Beyond Kyoto, Århus (DK), 5-7 March, .Publication: Research › Poster – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Atmospheric composition change: Ecosystems–Atmosphere interactions. / Fowler, D.; Pilegaard, Kim; Sutton, M.A.; Ambus, Per; Raivonen, M.; Duyzer, J.; Simpson, D.; Fagerli, H.; Fuzzi, S.; Schjoerring, J.K.; Granier, C.; Neftel, A.; Isaksen, I.S.A.; Laj, P.; Maione, M.; Monks, P.S.; Burkhardt, J.; Daemmgen, U.; Neirynck, J.; Personne, E.; Wichink-Kruit, R.; Butterbach-Bahl, K.; Flechard, C.; Tuovinen, J.P.; Coyle, M.; Gerosa, G.; Loubet, B.; Altimir, N.; Gruenhage, L.; Ammann, C.; Cieslik, S.; Paoletti, E.; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Ro-Poulsen, H.; Cellier, P.; Cape, J.N.; Horvath, L.; Loreto, F.; Niinemets, Ü.; Palmer, P.I.; Rinne, J.; Misztal, P.; Nemitz, E.; Nilsson, D.; Pryor, S.C.; Gallagher, M.W.; Vesala, T.; Skiba, U.; Brüggemann, N.; Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S.; Williams, J.; O'Dowd, C.; Facchini, M.C.; de Leeuw, G.; Flossman, A.; Chaumerliac, N.; Erisman, J.W.
In: Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 43, No. 33, 2009, p. 5193-5267.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Biochar in fertile clay soil : Impact on carbon mineralization, microbials biomass and GHG emissions. / Bruun, E.W.; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Ambus, Per.
2009. Poster session presented at Conference of the International Biochar Initiative (IBI) : Biochar, Sustainability and Security in a Changing Climate, Newcastle (GB), .Publication: Research › Poster – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Bio-char investigated by analytical flash pyrolysis and GCMS. / Egsgaard, Helge; Bruun, Esben; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Ambus, Per; Bech, Niels; Ibrahim, Norazana; Jensen, Peter Arendt.
In: Abstracts. American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2009.Publication: Research › Conference abstract in proceedings – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Biochar soil application to mitigate climate change. / Bruun, Esben; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Ambus, Per; Egsgaard, Helge; Jensen, Peter Arendt.
In: Energy solutions for CO2 emission peak and subsequent decline: Proceedings. Roskilde : Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Risø Nationallaboratoriet for Bæredygtig Energi, 2009. p. 86-96 (Denmark. Forskningscenter Risoe. Risoe-R; No. 1712(EN)).Publication: Research › Article in proceedings – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Biomass and bioenergy production in organic agriculture : Consequences for soil fertility, environment, spread of animal parasites and socio-economy. / Schmidt, Jens Ejbye; Oleskowicz-Popiel, Piotr; Ambus, Per; Carter, Mette Sustmann; Dalgaard, T.; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Johansen, A.; Bangsø Nielsen, Henrik; Nielsen, L.H.; Olesen, J.E.; Roepstorff, A.; Thomsen, Anne Belinda; Thomsen, Mette Hedegaard; Østergård, Hanne.
2009. Poster session presented at 1st Nordic Organic Conference, Göteborg, Sweden.Publication: Research › Poster – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen and greenhouse gases at the NitroEurope core flux measurement sites: Measurement strategy and first data sets : Measurement strategy and first data sets. / Skiba, U.; Drewer, J.; Tang, Y.S.; van Dijk, N.; Helfter, C.; Nemitz, E.; Famulari, D.; Cape, J.N.; Jones, S.K.; Twigg, M.; Philatie, M.; Vesala, T.; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Carter, Mette Sustmann; Ambus, Per; Ibrom, Andreas; Beier, Claus; Hansen, A.; Frumau, A.; Erisman, J.W.; Brüggemann, N.; Gasche, R.; Butterbach-Bahl, K.; Neftel, A.; Spirig, C.; Horvath, L.; Freibauer, A.; Cellier, P.; Laville, P.; Loubet, B.; Magliulo, E.; Bertolini, T.; Seifert, G.; Andersson, M.; Manca, G.; Laurila, T.; Aurela, M.; Lohila, A.; Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S.; Kitzler, B.; Schaufler, G.; Siemens, J.; Kindler, R.; Flechard, C.; Sutton, M.A.
In: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 133, No. 3-4, 2009, p. 139-149.Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Climate change alters nutrient cycling : Nitrogen uptake in temperate heath vegetation and soil nicrobes is influenced by elevated temperature CO2 and drought. / Andresen, L.C.; Michelsen, A.; Jonasson, S.; Beier, Claus; Ambus, Per.
2009. Poster session presented at International Scientific Congress on Climate Change, Copenhagen, Denmark.Publication: Research › Poster – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Climate controls on gas- and water mediated losses of N from a terrestrial ecosystem. / Ambus, Per (Invited author).
2009. Paper presented at NeU Workshop on landscape flows and transformations of nitrogen, Foulum (DK), 28 April, .Publication: Research › Paper – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Consequences of agro-biofuel production for greenhouse gas emissions. / Carter, Mette Sustmann; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Johansen, A.; Ambus, Per.
In: Energy conversion from biomass production. NJF, 2009. p. 29-30 (NJF Report, v. 5 no. 3).Publication: Research › Article in proceedings – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Consequences of agro-biofuel production for greenhouse gas emissions. / Carter, Mette Sustmann; Johansen, Anders; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Ambus, Per.
2009. Poster session presented at EnergyDTU Internal Conference, Lyngby (DK), .Publication: Research › Poster – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Denitrification and N2O losses in a heathland under changing climate conditions. / Ambus, Per (Invited author); Carter, Mette Sustmann (Invited author); Albert, Kristian Rost (Invited author); Larsen, Klaus Steenberg (Invited author); Andersson, M. (Invited author); Priemé, A. (Invited author); Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard (Invited author); Beier, Claus (Invited author).
2009. Paper presented at Seminar at University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart (DE), 2 June, .Publication: Research › Paper – Annual report year: 2009
- Published
Denitrification and N2O losses in a heathland under changing climate conditions. / Ambus, Per; Carter, Mette Sustmann; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Priemé, A.; Albert, Kristian Rost; Andersson, M.; Beier, Claus.
2009. Paper presented at NitroEurope IP 3rd General Assembly, Ghent (BE), 18-22 Feb., .Publication: Research › Paper – Annual report year: 2009